Nepal faces substantial risks from floods, landslides, droughts, extreme rainfall, and cryosphere-related hazards, including glacier collapse and glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs). Their consequences extend beyond the physical damage and economic losses typically recorded in post-disaster assessments. In this brief, damage refers to impacts that can be repaired or restored, while loss includes impacts that may be irreversible.
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Key messages
Treat assessment as one connected process. Rapid, detailed and targeted follow-up assessments should contribute to a single, traceable evidence base, preserving, verifying and expanding initial findings as losses persist, emerge or change.
Combine a national minimum dataset with targeted NELD modules. Community-centred evidence should capture psychosocial wellbeing, livelihoods, displacement, unequal service and care burdens, ecosystems, culture and institutional trust.
Cost the response, not the loss. Link documented NELD to costed measures, responsible institutions and financing sources, including psychosocial support, safe housing, restored services and cultural access, and ecosystem rehabilitation.